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Labs

Spring Oscillator Lab

Complete guide to the Spring Oscillator laboratory.

Last updated: February 15, 2026

Spring Oscillator Lab

The Spring Oscillator Lab lets you explore simple harmonic motion through interactive real-time simulations with damping control.

Parameters

Mass (m)

The mass of the oscillating object, in kilograms.

Range: 0.1 – 10 kg Effect: Increasing mass increases the oscillation period (heavier → slower).

Spring Constant (k)

The stiffness of the spring, in N/m.

Range: 0.1 – 10 N/m Effect: Increasing k decreases the period (stiffer → faster).

Damping Coefficient (b)

The rate at which the system loses energy to friction.

Range: 0 – 5 Effect: Higher damping causes faster energy loss. At critical damping the system returns to rest as fast as possible without oscillating.

Formulas

Period

T = 2π√(m/k)

Frequency

f = 1/T  [Hz]

Angular Frequency

ω₀ = √(k/m)  [rad/s]

Damping Ratio

ζ = b / (2√(mk))

  • ζ < 1: underdamped (oscillates)
  • ζ = 1: critically damped (no oscillation, fastest return)
  • ζ > 1: overdamped (no oscillation, slow return)
  • Damped Angular Frequency

    ωd = ω₀ · √(1 − ζ²)   (underdamped only)

    Reading the Visualization

  • Orange ball: the mass
  • Zigzag line: the spring (coil density reflects k)
  • Dashed vertical line: equilibrium position
  • Displacement trace: x(t) graph scrolling in real time (4-second window)
  • Tips

  • Set b = 0 to observe pure simple harmonic motion
  • Increase b slowly to find the critical damping point
  • Compare T displayed with the real oscillation in the animation